General Product Information

Belclene 200 has been developed as a calcium carbonate inhibitor in industrial water systems and other related applications.

The active ingredient of Belclene 200 is polymaleic acid. The CAS number is 26099-09-2

Typical physical properties
appearance		clear amber liquid
odour		slight
solids content		47-53% w/w
specific gravity		1.16-1.19
pH (undiluted)		< 2
viscosity at 25°C		12-30 cPs (10-25 cSt)
boiling point range		100-102°C (212-214°F)
freeze point range		-5 to -12°C (10-23°F)
solubility      in water      ethylene glycol      methanol      50% caustic soda		miscible miscible miscible readily neutralised with the evolution of heat
steam volatility		does not steam distil
pH limitations		to avoid precipitation, formulate below pH 2.5 or above pH 8.0. At in use concentrations Belclene 200 is stable at any pH.

Thermal stability (TGA)
Thermogravimetric analysis has shown that Belclene 200 is stable up to a temperature of 300°C (572°F).

Chemical reactivity/compatibility
Belclene 200 is not affected by chlorine or other oxidising biocides under normal use conditions. Test for compatibility with long chain nitrogen compounds. aliphatic amine and quaternary ammonium compounds.

Logistics
classification		irritant for supply corrosive for conveyance IATA class 8 UN No 1760 IMCO class 8 UN No 1760
packaging		HDPE 220L XL-ring Mauser drum height 935 mm diameter 580 mm gross weight 249.5 kg net weight 240.0 kg

Regulatory approvals
FDA (USA)		21 cfr 173.310 - boiler additives 21 cfr 173.45 - beet and cane sugar 21 cfr 573 - poultry watering systems
USDA (USA)		G5: cooling and retort water G6: boilers, steamlines possible food contact G7: boilers, stearnlines, cooling systems no food contact A1: clewing compounds: meat/poultry plants
MITI (Japan)		Japanese discharge regulations

Toxicology data
acute oral LD50 (rats)		>5000 mg/kg
eye irritation (rabbits)		irritant (EEC guidelines)
skin irritation (rabbits)		non-irritant (EEC guidelines)
toxicity to fish      98-hr LC50 (rainbow trout)      96-hr LC50 (carp)		>100 mg/l >100 mg/l

Further details on safety and handling are available in the material safety data sheet on this product.

The industry standard for calcium carbonate control in stressed water conditions

New test data confirms that Belclene^® 200 is the most effective antiscalant for calcium carbonate under severe service conditions

Practical experience has shown that Belclene 200 antiscalant is the most effective calcium carbonate scale inhibitor for severe service conditions. Belclene 200 is widely used in many proprietary formulations and is in use in thousands of systems worldwide.

New research carried out at FMC's Trafford Park Laboratories has confirmed this experience in direct comparison with alternative chemical inhibitors.

An experimental pilot cooling tower (PCT) was used as shown in figure 1. The PCT was run continuously with zero blowdown to increase the cycles of concentration. Heat transfer was monitored continuously and the water analysed at regular intervals. A loss of more than 10% of the soluble calcium was taken to indicate polymer failure. The results are shown graphically in figure 2. The results prove conclusively that Belclene 200 will stabilise calcium carbonate more effectively than other available chemical inhibitors in severe service applications, and maintains performance at Langelier scaling index of up to 3.3.

Benefits to the customer

• Belclene 200 conforms to ISO 9000 quality procedures. Customers can therefore expect a quality product which is easily formulated into proprietary products and which is readily available.
  
  
• Belclene 200 provides cost-effective calcium carbonate scale control. It is particularly effective in high hardness conditions.
  
  
• Belclene 200 helps to maintain heat transfer rates, thus reducing energy costs and extending plant operation for the end user.
  

It is therefore simple to demonstrate a positive payback on treatment cost to the end user.

Figure 1: Recirculating water pilot cooling tower

Figure 2: Inhibition of calcium carbonate In the pilot cooling tower

Starting water conditions:
Ca2+		250 ppm as CaCO3
Mg2+		121 ppm as CaCO3
CO33-		57 ppm as CaCO3
HCO32-		295 ppm as CaCO3
pH		8.8
bulk solution temperature		40°C
heat exchanger surface temperature		70°C

heat exchanger		stainless steel
metallurgy cycle time		about 24 hours
Additive dosage		20 ppm as active ingredient

Langelier scaling Index at failure point:
Belclene 200		3.3 (850 ppm as CaCO3)
PAA (molecular weight 2000)		3.1 (645 ppm as CaCO3)
AMPS/acrylic		2.7 (363 ppm as CaCO3)

Case histories in sugar mill evaporators

Summary
Belclene® 200 antiscalant has been shown to be extremely effective as a scale inhibitor in two cane sugar mill evaporators. The use of Belclene 200 at 8 mg/l (product) enables the mills to extend the length of time between evaporator cleanings and substantially reduce the amount of chemicals required for such cleaning. The use of Belclene 200 has increased sugar, molasses, and energy production resulting in significant economic benefits at both mills.

Introduction
Owing to its outstanding performance in inhibiting the mixed scales found in sugar evaporators, Belclene 200 has gained strong acceptance as part of formulations to treat scale in both cane and beet sugar processes. Utilising formulations based on Belclene 200 can significantly improve scale inhibition, resulting in reduced down time for cleaning, higher mill productivity, and reduced cleaning chemical usage, Belclene 200 has FDA clearance for use in beet and cane sugar (21 cfr 173.45).

Deposits found in sugar evaporators often contain a mixture of inorganic scale species which can include:
     - calcium carbonate
     - calcium phosphate
     - calcium oxalate
     - calcium silicate
     - calcium sulphate

Sugar mill evaporators often require frequent cleaning, causing lengthy shut downs, which reduce production and incur significant cleaning chemical expense. Belclene 200 has been found to be excellent at controlling such mixed scales, and the high thermal stability of Belclene 200 makes it ideal for use at the high temperatures experienced in sugar evaporator systems. The following case histories are taken from successful trials of Belclene 200 at two cane sugar mills in Latin America.

Case history 1

Results
The use of 8 mg/l of Belclene 200:
     - reduced scale thickness by over 50%
     - reduced the total amount of cleaning chemicals required by 60%.
     - reduced the number of hours downtime for each clean by 50%.

Case history 2

Results
The use of Belclene 200 antiscalant:
     - enabled the mill to extend time between shutdowns for cleaning by 55%
     - reduced scale thickness by 50%
     - reduced the total amount of cleaning chemicals required by 60%
     - reduced the number of hours downtime for each clean by approximately 30%.

Conclusions
Belclene 200 has been proved to be a very effective antiscalant for sugar mill evaporators at an additive rate of 8 ppm (product).

By reducing the downtime required to clean evaporators, the use of Belclene 200 helped to increase the production of sugar, molasses, and energy by up to 10%, resulting in significant economic benefits for both mills.

Any scale formed in the presence of Belclene 200 is softer and easier to remove requiring decreased chemical usage and less time for cleaning.

Process Additives Division

Warranty - Patent Position
The information contained herein is, to our knowledge, true and accurate. Because conditions of use are beyond our control, we make no warranty or representation, express or implied. except that the products discussed herein conform to the chemical descriptions shown on the labels. Nothing contained herein should be construed as permission or recommendation to infringe any patent. No agent, representative or employee of this company is authorised to vary any terms of this notice.